# Expression Language¶

## Overview¶

Even simple math expressions often require relatively large node networks, which are tedious to create by hand. While this process can be scripted, the code is likewise tedious to write and makes it difficult to see the logic at a glance.

To help alleviate these issues, Maya Math Nodes plugin provide a simple expression language that can be used to describe a series of mathematical operations inline, which can then be interpreted to generate a math node network for you.

## Data Types¶

The language supports several data types:

numeric
float and int types are supported, ex: -1, 0, 1.0
string
string literals are used to reference Maya attributes, ex: node.attribute[0]
complex
complex types are used to define a vector, matrix, rotation, and quaternion data, ex: {0, 1, 0}

## Operators¶

The language supports a limited set of arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, %,

## Conditionals¶

The language supports the following relational operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=

These should be used in combination with ternary conditional expression: a == b ? true : false

## Functions¶

The language supports calling functions with arguments. These functions map directly to the node operators available in the plugin.

For example Absolute node is made available through the abs() function call. Please see the Node Reference for the mapping between node type and function name.

The function arguments correspond with node attributes. For example the Clamp node has two input attributes, therefore the clamp(arg1, arg2) function will take two arguments.

Likewise, array arguments are also supported with the following syntax: minelement([1, 2, 3]).

Output array arguments can also be index using the [] operator.

Warning

Currently, some nodes do not have expression bindings!
See Node Reference section for details.

Note

Default and keyword arguments are currently not supported!

## Evaluation Order¶

Expressions are evaluated left to right with the following operator precedence, listed from lowest to highest:

 Operator Description +, - Addition and subtraction *, /, % Multiplication, division, remainder <, <=, >, >=, !=, == Comparisons func() Function call (…) Grouping

## Type Resolution¶

The operators and functions are mapped to specific Maya nodes shipped with the plugin, and because the node library is strongly typed the parser needs to make a determination about types using the following rules:

• for operators, the left operand is used to determine primary type
• for conditional expressions, the true value is used to determine primary selector type
• for functions, the first argument is used to determine primary type
• if operand or argument is literal numeric type then casting to another numeric type is allowed

## Name Generator¶

The expression evaluator will create Maya nodes procedurally and therefore needs a mechanism to generate unique names consistently.

This is achieved with the NameGenerator class. To customize this behavior you can create your own implementation, with the only requirement that it implements get_name(str: node_type) -> str method.

## Evaluator¶

The public API for this module consist of a single function:
eval_expression(str: expression, str: base_node_name='', NameGenerator: name_generator=None) -> str

The return value is the path to the output attribute of the last node in the generated node network that will have the result value computed for the expression. This value can then be passed to subsequent expressions to chain them together.

## Examples¶

from maya_math_nodes import eval_expression

# get twist value for roll joint
eval_expression('twist(ctrl.worldMatrix[0], 0, 0) * 0.5', 'roll')

# get toe pivot value for foot roll
eval_expression('ctrl.roll > ctrl.break ? ctrl.roll - ctrl.break : 0', 'toeroll')

# compute some pole vector with offset
eval_expression('cross(axis(ctrl.matrix, 0), {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}) * 2', 'pole')